The instrument of accession signed by maharaja hari singh has become the object of a neverending controversy, unlike similar accession instruments signed. In the case of pakistan, accession happened far more slowly. All but three of the states willingly merged into the indian uniononly jammu and kashmir, junagadh and hyderabad did not fall into basket. Instrument of accession of jammu and kashmir whereas the indian independence act, 1947, provides that as from the fifteen day of august, 1947, there shall be set up as independent dominion, known as india and that the government of india act, 1935, shall, with such omission, additions, adaptations and modifications as the governor general may by. Sample instrument of accession to the agreement on the conservation of gorillas and their habitats to be signed by the head of state, or head of government, or minister for foreign affairs instrument of accession whereas the agreement on the conservation of gorillas and their habitats was. Jan 16, 2002 official indian accounts state that in the early hours of the morning of 26 october, hari singh fled from srinagar, arriving in jammu later in the day, where he was met by v p menon, representative of prime minister jawaharlal nehru, and signed the instrument of accession. Why did india invade and annex junagadh despite the. Hyderabad hyderabad, the largest of the princely states was surrounded entirely by indian territory. The legal implications of the instrument of accession. Karan singh endorsing the statement of congress chief sonia gandhi that jammu and kashmir is an integral part of india, senior congress leader karan singh. Whereas the indian independence act, 1947, provides that as from the fifteenth day of august, 1947, there shall be set up an independent dominion known as india, and that the government of india act 1935, shall with such omissions, additions, adaptations and modifications as the governor. Accession of junagadh to india is the most interesting story.
Pdf integration of princely states devil pro academia. Procedures for deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the depositary according to article 41 of the convention on biological diversity, the secretary general of the united nations shall assume the functions of depositary of the cartagena protocol on biosafety to the convention on biological diversity. Integration of princely states ras exam preparation. The agreement signed on november 29, 1947 by governor general lord mountbatten and nizam osman ali khan, specified that. Junagadh and its subsidiaries mangrol and babariawad. After the instrument of accession was signed, indian troops entered kashmir and drove the pakistansponsored irregulars from all but a small section of the state. On the other hand, the indian government tried to keep things calm, and tried persuading the nawab to change his decision. The nizam was prepared to enter into a limited treaty with india, which gave hyderabad safeguards not provided for in the standard instrument of accession, such as a provision guaranteeing hyderabad s neutrality in the event of a conflict between india and pakistan. Under the instrument of accession, jammu and kashmir surrendered only three subjects defense, external affairs and communications. The word is derived from persian word, as in abu ali hasan ibn ali tusi april 10, 1018 october 14, 1092, better known by his honorific title of nizam almulk the. India agreed, but only on the condition that kashmir sign an instrument of accession to india. Instrument of accession of kalat to pakistan 27th31st. The document in question was the original instrument of accession ioa signed in october 1947 by the then ruler of jammu and kashmir, maharaja hari singh and accepted by lord mountbatten of burma.
After initial resistance, in september 1948, hyderabad was merged with indian union, by a military operation. Subsequently, the nizam signed an instrument of accession, joining india. Jammu and kashmir instrument of accession explained. Ending with these lines, maharaja hari singh, the ruler of the princely state of jammu and kashmir, signed the instrument of accession. Gray, hugh 1971, the demand for a separate telangana state in india pdf, asian survey, 11 5. On the indian side it is widely believed that maharaja hari singh, the ruler of the state of jammu and kashmir executed the instrument of accession on 26 october 1947 and it was accepted by lord mountbatten, the governor general of india on 27 october 1947 8. The instrument of accession part 2 rk jhalajit singh the government of india act, 1935 this act was now the constitution of india. Its reality, politics behind it and the illegal occupation of our land. Simply put, instrument of accession is an agreement wherein a state decides to join accede to another state. Hyderabad, india simple english wikipedia, the free. The instrument of accession was a legal document created in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under british suzerainty to join one of the new dominions of india or pakistan created by the partition of british india. On 1 november 1956, the province of hyderabad was divided into karnataka, maharashtra and andhra pradesh on the basis of language. Accession of the states bahauddin zakariya university. In the past, attempts to hold a plebiscite have been met with fierce opposition from india.
Oct 05, 2016 pakistan has no respect for international treaties example it does not want to follow shimla agreement, similarly it does not want to accept kashmirs instrument of accession to india. Instrument of accession and standstill agreement of jammu and kashmir to dominion of india. On 18 march, the pakistan minister of foreign affairs issued a press statement, announcing that pakistan had accepted the accession of mehran, kharan, and lesbela, with the accession of these areas, kalat lost its connection with iran and afghanistan and was left without any outlet to the sea. The terms of this my instrument of accession shall not be varied by any amendment of the act or of the indian independence act, 1947, unless such amendment is accepted by me by an instrument supplementary to this instrument. Instrument of accession jammu and kashmir wikipedia. Ruled by the hereditary ruler nizam mir osman ali khan, the 212,000 sq km kingdom fancied. The state of junagadh executed instrument of accession as well as standstill agreement with pakistan on 15 august. The two major political parties muslim league and congress had their own policies for the states. Instrument of accession with the state of jammu and kashmir in the immediate aftermath of indias independence, three rulers had still not merged their states with india despite sardar patels untiring efforts.
Official indian accounts state that in the early hours of the morning of 26 october, hari singh fled from srinagar, arriving in jammu later in the day, where he was met by v p menon, representative of prime minister jawaharlal nehru, and signed the instrument of accession. Before 1947 all the provinces directly under british rule were called british india. Class 12 political science revision notes chapter 10. Its ruler carried the title,nizam, and he was one of the worlds richest men. The objective of the legal document was to facilitate each of the indian princes, who reigned over the princely states of india under the indirect rule of the british government of india, to unite with one of the new dominions of india or pakistan that were formed after the partition of india. Junagadh was the only state that declared accession to pakistan by 15 august. When a battle by military cables forced the nizams hands more stronger discussion in indian defence forum started by hindustani78, sep 16, 2018. This file contains a photo of nawab sir muhammad mahabat khanji the ruler of the princely state of junagadh. The nizam of hyderabad then the worlds richest man, had refused to sign the instrument of accession in 1948. At the time of indian independence in 1947, india was divided into two sets of territories, one. While encouraging the rulers to act with patriotism, patel did not rule out force, setting. Menon sent a message to him to withdraw its accession to pakistan. After several requests to pakistan to stop the free distribution of arms and ammunition and access to facilities, land, and resources to the raiders, appealed to india for military support.
The instrument for pre accession assistance ipa is the means by which the eu supports reforms in the enlargement countries with financial and technical help. Consequences of article 370 of the constitution of india. The third key and most influential party in the policy making towards the accession of states was the britishers. The instrument of accession was an act performed by the ruler of jammu and kashmir to unite his domains with the state of india. The nizams original idea, was for hyderabad state to be an independent constitutional monarchy within the commonwealth. Whereas the indian independence act, 1947, provides that as from the fifteen day of august, 1947, there shall. Pdf instrument of accession jammu kashmir yasir aslam. It was another state that wished to declare independence. The ipa funds build up the capacities of the countries throughout the accession process, resulting in progressive, positive developments in the region. Junagadh had a hindu majority population ruled by a muslim ruler. The instrument of accession was the legal document designed to bring about accession, where it was decided upon. The effect of this article is that the jammu and kashmir state which is now a part of india will continue to be a part of india, will be a unit of the future federal republic of india and the union legislature will get jurisdiction to enact laws on matters specified either in the instrument of accession or by later addition with the concurrence of the government of the state. Without an instrument of merger, how could we say that. Of article 370, instrument of accession, and the constitution.
Operation polo was the code name of the hyderabad police action in september 1948, by the. Nizamulmulk was a title first used in urdu around 1600 to mean governor of the realm or deputy for the whole empire. Instrument of accession of jammu and kashmir state dated 26. On the morning of 27 october, indian troops were airlifted into srinagar. Whereas the indian independence act, 1947, provides. The integration of the princely state of hyderabad and the making of. Standstill agreement india wikipedia republished wiki 2. Although the nizam had legal right to maintain hyderabads independence.
While india did manage to sign the instrument of accession with many princely states at the time of independence, the nizam of hyderabad did harbour hopes of independence or at least a merger with pakistan. Some parts of the old hyderabad state are today parts of maharashtra, karnataka and andhra pradesh. What is the instrument of accession in simpler words. Hyderabad became a princely state in 1947 after collaboration with india.
Kashmir agreed, and the document was legally signed. It was a military operation in which the indian armed forces invaded the nizamruled princely state, annexing it into the indian union. Kashmir is symptom of problem, real problem is radicalized pa. By executing this document under the provisions of the indian independence act 1947, maharaja hari singh agreed to accede to the dominion of india. On 11 th august 1947, maharaja hanvant singh, king of jodhpur signed the instrument of accession and the state of jodhpur was integrated into the indian dominion. Mountbatten, in his capacity as last viceroy and first governor general of india, had only one power in this respect. Operation polo was the code name of the hyderabad police action in september 1948, by the then newly independent india against the hyderabad state. But soon the nizam had to sign an instrument of accession to the union of india so that hyderabad becomes a part of india. Hyderabad had been part of the calculations of allindia political parties since the 1930s. If india has maharaja hari singhs signed instrument of. While 87% of its 17 million people were hindu, its ruler nizam osman ali khan was a muslim, and its politics were dominated by a muslim elite. On this day in 1948, the state of junagadh voted to join. Finally the status of three larger and powerful states of hyderabad, kashmir and.
The story of the accession of the princely state of junagarh. Oct 27, 2014 in the morning of 26 october, seeing the amount of pillage and bloodshed coupled with the threat to his own life, the maharaja fled from srinagar, arriving in jammu where he was met by v p menon, representative of the prime minister of india, jawaharlal nehru, and signed the instrument of accession, whereby jammu and kashmir became part of india. Consequences of article 370 of the constitution of india vinayak kapur, third year student of b. On 15 september 1947, jinnah approved and counter signed junagadhs instrument of accession. Several princely states, except the states of junagadh, hyderabad and jammu and kashmir, were persuaded by the then governorgeneral lord mountbatten to enter into a relationship before the actual date of transfer of power, by executing an instrument of accession on three subject matters, viz. Overview instrument for preaccession assistance european.
Instrument of accession with the exception of junagadh and hyderabad. In the last post, i tracked the alignment from adams peak, a conical mountain in sri lanka that is revered by buddhism, hinduism, islam, and christianity for the sri pada, or sacred footprint, a major pilgrimage site, and one of the twelve primary nodal points on the earths grid system. Instrument of accession that was signed between lord mountbatten, the governor general of india and hari. The problem of the princely states had been on the minds of congress leaders much before india achieved independence and partition had become inevitable. The exceptions were hyderabad, a large state in the centre of south india that received an extension for a period of two months, and three small states in gujarat. Pdf were the indian princely states particularly the larger ones. Hyderabad was a landlocked state that stretched over 212,000 square kilometres in southeastern india. It also contains a document of the instrument of accession signed by the nawab declaring accession to the independent dominion of pakistan. The policies of these three major parties are discussed below. Therefore, the instrument of accession, even if genuine, is rendered null and void. Of article 370, instrument of accession, and the constitution of india greater kashmir the two new dominions india and pakistan, after the india independence act 1947 was passed, in the absence. Instrument of accession of junagadh sardar vallabhbhai patel. The rulers of the most of the states signed a document called the instrument of accession but accession of the junagarh, hyderabad, kashmir and manipur proved more difficult than the rest. Instrument of accession only defense, external affairs and communications were acceded to india, article 370 of the constitution of india 1950, provided parliament with power only to make laws for the state of jammu and kashmir with regards to defense, external affairs and communications.
Junagadh, the nizam of hyderabad, and maharaja hari. The nawab of junagadh signed the instrument of accession to pakistan thus making it a pakistani territory. Hyderabad became part of india more than a year after the latters existence as an independent nation. Kashmirs accession to india is strictly conditional greater kashmir india has always claimed that the accession of the state of jammu and kashmir to india is absolute and legally. It was executed by the government of india on the one hand and by the rulers of each of the princely states, individually, on the other hand. Accession of the states had been the big issue after the division of subcontinent into two major countries. Instrument of accession instrument of accession executed by maharajah hari singh on october 26, 1947. Hyderabad accession hyderabad was the largest and most prosperous of all princely states of ancient india. The second was the instrument of accession, by which the ruler of the princely state in question agreed to the. The instrument of accession is a legal document executed by maharaja hari singh, ruler of the princely state of jammu and kashmir, on 26 october 1947. Unlike the instrument of accession with india signed by other princely states at the time of independence, the nizam nominated a threemember team to negotiate a standstill agreement.
The instruments of accession executed by the rulers appendix vii, provided for the accession of states to the dominion of india on three subjects, namely, defence, external affairs and communications, their content being as defined in list i of schedule vii to. Diplomatic smarts, decisive military action and a battle of cables heres the story behind the september 17, 1948 surrender of hyderabad s nizam. T uma joseph with reference to the political history of the accession process from 1945 to 1948 of the state of hyderabad with india, then being a princely state. India has known, right from the start, that the result of a plebiscite is a foregone conclusion the population of kashmir would have voted to rid themselves of indian rule. Kashmirs accession to india is strictly conditional. When neither india nor pakistan wanted kashmir liaquat ali khan had set his heart on hyderabad and not the rocks of kashmir while sardar patel felt kashmir was pakistans for the asking but surely not hyderabad.
They were the nawab of junagadh, the nizam of hyderabad, and maharaja hari singh of kashmir. The hyderabad political system and its participants pdf. The state of jammu and kashmir, which was contiguous to both india and pakistan. The instrument of accession was an officially authorized document which was created in the year 1947. The leaders of the new union of india were wary of a balkanization of india if hyderabad was left independent 223 failed verification. White paper on indian states 1950part 4instrument of. The story of the accession of the princely state of junagarh by syed ali mujtaba 31 january, 2011 the story of the integration of the princely states of india continues to fascinate the researchers and authors who diligently wade though the piles of manuscripts and record books kept in the archives to reconstruct a picture of the bygone era.